It also deepens the sea bed, which affects the water level. Industries also flock around coastal areas because of the ease of transportation of goods and equipments. He said: Personally, I do not think that we are doing it the right way. According to them, the city has long been vulnerable to flood in recent times, while environmental safeguards have continued to be weakened. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. Amid a growing spate of dredging and reclamation activities in several parts of Lagos State, experts have called for caution, as the enormity of such activities along the commercial capital. The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. More than a thousand acres of land was to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with. The procedure attempts to convert unused land into useable land and contributes to the expansion of the land area, the creation of habitat for [] Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. The crude oil resource is mainly present in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which is the centripetal force on which the nations economy revolves [3]. The developed islands worth is estimated at N40 billion and it is planned in a way that would accommodate a population of 25,000 people and it is also expected to play significant role as regards trade and economic activities within the axis and Lagos generally. Almost every coastal area in the Niger Delta has had one abandoned project or the other, one of which is sand dump. Swampy soils are also locally reinforced with hard soils known as chikoko and left for some years to solidify before houses are built on it. The dumping of dredged soil on mangrove vegetation smothers the plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the soil [3]. Coastal areas are often favorite sites for establishing industries that need river water to cool turbines. The results of the physico-chemical analysis and the species abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9. Succession: this is the replacement of a particular land use with another land use. Artificial islands are an example of land reclamation. At about 345 people per square mile, it is also the most densely populated country in Africa. Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. The soil chemistry is also affected by the manures and fertilizers that come from the farm and the waste from fish ponds. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. Landscape reclamation is. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the major invasive species [12, 13] in the Niger Delta area and has over taken many mangrove forest and coastal areas. Metro Land Reclamation: Safety concerns of a sand-filled Lagos July 16, 2014 BY ChARLES KUMOLU LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. Therefore, the best option is to remediate it so that it will carry out its ecological functions even if it results to another landform. Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. (A) Graph of species population along sampling points (T1, T2 and T3) indicates a decrease in number of species from point T1 (high nutrient content) to point T3 (low nutrient content); and (B) graph of concentration of physico-chemicals along within sites T1, T2 and T3. People participation is very important in landscape reclamation because it would provide a consensus view on land use to the host community [19]. The city is situated on four main islands namely, Lagos, Victoria, Iddo, and Ikoyi which are all connected by a network of bridges. This is a situation where rivers near ports are expanded to accommodate large ocean going ships. The warm shallow waters of the continental shelves are most biologically productive and support the greatest species diversity. Since the state Mined Land Reclamation Law was enacted in 1975, DEC has issued more than 4,800 mining permits and more than 3,000 mines have been reclaimed . Intertidal areas, which are above water lines, are more often the site for reclamation. It involves human beings because they are the ones that cause problems for biodiversity. This is because the organisms that reside in these areas are wiped out during the first phase of reclamation. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. Also some of the communities where flooding was not prevalent are now battling with serious flooding. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. The result indicates that Potassium and magnesium had the highest concentration. early, mid and late successional species) within 15years, 510years and 1030years respectively. It occurs at on-shore or off-shore locations [3]. by Revolva ( m ): 1:58pm On Jul 18 , 2020 Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. Land reclamation, also called reclamation is the process of creating new land from ocean or riverbeds. It is also gathered that China also reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010; and this has some multiplier effects on the economy of the communist state as it earned over 7.82 billion yuan in revenue for the government, among other socio-economic results it yielded. Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. The Great Garuda, Indonesia Project cost: $40bn (28bn) | Land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. Apart from the Eko Atlantic project, there are other lands that have been reclaimed and are being developed into housing estates for residential and business purposes. After this has been done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it gets to the height that is required. Land in the Niger Delta area is in large demand because of traditional and cultural beliefs attached to the possession of land [1]. The impact of land reclamation on coastal environment and marine ecology is well recognized and widely studied. African Development Bank Group (http://www.AfDB.org) President Dr.Akinwumi Adesina has appointed Senegals former minister Amadou Hott, as his Special Envoy and global champion for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa (AGIA). Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. Minna. Before coastal lands are to be acquired proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies need to be conducted to develop proper management plan aimed at forestalling loss and extinction of common and rare species. Advertisement The tender for the. We use various techniques to reclaim land and protect shorelines using our state-of-the-art fleet of dredging vessels and specialized equipment. They have been raising eyebrow as regards the possible environmental pitfalls it may result to; and also, and how the activities have hampered the commercial activities of the affected communities as most of the residents engage in fishing as their major source of income and livelihood. In the same vein the wheel of the bulldozers fragments the soil particles and makes it porous and prone to leaching or wind erosion. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. Changes in river channel via canalization or dredging changes the river system by increasing the length and breadth of the river which affects the flow dynamics and hydrology of the river [3]. Water can be drained from shallow areas, or the bed raised, making the land available for development. This is encapsulated in the Land Use Act promulgated in 1978, which states that all lands in Nigeria belong to the Federal Government, this include but not limited to under-water land that is 200 nautical miles from the shore. Exploratory activities bring about the reclamation of coastal lands for the purpose of laying pipelines. 08 February 2021 | Every citizen of Nigeria is empowered to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria. Areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect bridges. Oil and gas exploration is the main exploratory activity that occurs in the Niger Delta region. This is a natural ecological restoration. The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. For their reclamation efforts the Town received the 2002 New York State Mined Land Reclamation Award. Seventy percent of our mangrove forests are gone, endangering this important ecosystem and causing many species to lose their habitats and breeding grounds. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60s in Nigerias economic capital. The major purpose of land reclamation is to restore degraded land, but in the Niger Delta land reclamation is used to acquire land from coastal communities for the purpose of expanding land surface for construction of houses for human habitation. This facility is situated at a coastal community that is land-locked. A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. Changes in land form lead to changes in the biogeography of the area. Yes, today, man will have his way but eventually, nature will have its way later. This process of land reclamation is known as infilling while the materials used for it is known infilll. On its right is the. The presence of mangroves along the coast stabilizes and reinforces the soil against erosion. The African Development Bank, Africa Union and Africa50 launched the Alliance during COP27 last November with global partners: the African Union Development Agency, the. Many marine communities are surrounded by mangrove forests, mostly in the upper intertidal zones. "Land reclamation kills mangroves, seagrass and corals. The aim of acquiring land varies, but is mainly for possession and or production of goods and services to satisfy socio-economic and socio-cultural needs. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. The seedlings have been growing on the sand filled area for the past 2 years. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. You have entered an incorrect email address! Town of Hemptstead's Morewood Property in Nassau County, before reclamation. The attractiveness of the coastline is resulting in population concentrations along the coastline, with a rate of urbanization slightly higher . An example is the establishment of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Bonny Island in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. Government budget refers to an annual financial statement that denotes its anticipated expenditure and expected revenue generation in a fiscal year. 1. The scouring of the river bottom crushes and destroys a lot of organisms such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location. With . Simplicity and transparency. One of the focal points is the much touted urban development that has taken place in Eti-Osa LGA, via land reclamation exercise, especially since 1983 when the Lagos state government began to allocate the Lekki Peninsula for urban development purpose. Crude oil pipeline and well head situated in reclaimed coastal area in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Other areas in the world that land reclamation has taken place are: Mumbai (India), Giant Sea Wall in Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila Bay (Phillipines), Kobe (Japan), Aukland, Wellington and Dunedin (New Zealand), Palm Deira, Yas Island and Al Lulu Island (UAE), and so on. Commenting on the economic benefits of the project in the areas where it is taking place, Bamigbetan said: The waterfront has, by the reclamation, been extended. In a preliminary study conducted in the sand dredged area, soil samples were collected for physico-chemical analysis at three sites (T1, T2 and T3) from the back of the sand filled area to the entrance of the sand fill area (Figure 8). It has not been recognized yet that reclamation may change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal environment . CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. Along the coast, the average precipitation is about 2,000mm to 3,000mm. But ecology sees farther ahead.. Battery Park City is atop sand shipped from Staten Island. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. Reclamation is done without proper environmental impact assessment. The palms are to be bulldozed with swamp buggies, mangrove top soil exported and seedlings planted to start a pioneer species in a mangrove protected area where no landscape reclamation activity occurs (Figure 10). The Missouri Department of Natural Resources is the administrative authority working through the Missouri Mining Commission. Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. It involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones. Terrestrial land form eventually evolves from an aquatic environment after solidification. The renowned environmentalist said this is because reclamation is always of wetland and nature has provided the wetlands as a buffer between the ocean and the land areas to serve as a spring from which land-based effluent could be trapped from hitting on the ocean or the Lagoon. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. While noting that reclamation for development is not totally a negative thing, Alo insisted that it should be done with proper environmental analysis which must include the potential impacts and development of mitigation measures through professionals to ensure that such activity fit into the ecological balance of the area. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Growth may also be facilitated by the absorption of soil nutrients embedded in the first layer of soil brought in by tides. Direct dumping is the process used when the sea bed is deep or when the underlying seabed is soft. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. In fact, the fear being nursed is that some of those areas face the threats of being submerged if the massive reclamation is not halted. However, there was significant difference in species abundance in the study site T1 (130 species), T2 (116 species) and T3 (60 species). Orange Island is another reclaimed island that covers about 150 hectares of land and is located within the Lekki axis in Lagos. Like other Atlantic Cities in some parts of the world, Eko Atlantic is constructed to be a citadel of infrastructural development because it is designed to create over 250,000 new jobs and address housing deficit. This leads to the death or migration of amphibious species along the coast. I see nothing wrong in sand filling or perhaps reclaiming land from the sea. Rural areas, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells (<300 inhabitants per km 2 ). Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. Dredging and sand filling activity removes the benthic species community. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum I hope they are being done according to the best practices in order to protect the ecosystem., He concluded by saying that: land reclamation for the purpose of constructing properties in commercial quantities is risky.. Oshodi, who was the immediate past vice chairman, Lagos branch of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (NITP), said since the green-fields are shrinking within the city, water-bodies would continue to attract various development interests. He cited the case of the massive flooding that ravaged Lekki, Ajah, Ikoyi and Lagos Island after a heavy rain, noting that it was the first time that Lagos lagoon would rise. In a classical case of land recuperation after landscape reclamation at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, recruitment occurred through natural process within a space of 13years. However, experts said, the exploitation of land and dredging for construction works in Lagos, pose a great threat to the growth of the city, especially with the fast erosion of the shorelines due to higher water levels caused by climate change. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. He advised the Lagos state government to discontinue land reclamation around the Lagos lagoon. We provide you with the latest breaking news. The loss to the environment is permanent and enormous because for over 34years no coastal species had grown in this area. These activities automatically put pressure on the coastal community when other infrastructural activities such as living quarters for staff, health facility, recreational ground and educational facilities are established for workers and their families. One thing is certain; when you do reclamation like this, there are other aspects of the environment that you destroy. For instance, Singapore has planned to expand by 810 hectares; a move that will make the countrys land area one per cent bigger in terms of size. The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. The country features 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, which is known as Abuja.The country of Nigeria features over five hundred different ethnic groups, many different languages, and declared its independence from the United Kingdom on October 1, 1960. This method is suitable for granular fill. Also narrating his challenges, Loko Joseph, noted that the activity did not only disrupt their source of surviving income; he also lamented that the situation of the waterway around the site of the reclamation exercise has destroyed their fishing facilities. On its right is the popular Isale Eko, an. A Federal High Court, Abuja, on Tuesday, dismissed a certificate forgery suit filed by the Action Alliance (AA) against Sen. Bola Tinubu, presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC). The key to understanding Lagos, Africa's most populous city, is in the water. Nigeria: Land Reclamation - Safety Concerns of a Sand-Filled Lagos 16 July 2014 Vanguard (Lagos) By Charles Kumolu LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. These areas are naturally covered with water during high tides, but are filled with soil and consolidated to prevent tidal flooding during high tide. It is the result of abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic agents of change. A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. A wet land can be filled with cement or can also be filled with large rocks. The conversion of a coastal environment to a terrestrial environment is absolute and cannot be reversed. This is because such activities lead to the clearing of the mangrove forest and other coastal vegetation. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. They stand to benefit from future developments in the axis. Over population is a major factor that had led to the extension of cities beyond coastal limits. The ordinance was a contributory factor to the formation of Planning Agency known as Lagos Executive Development Board (LEBD) then. Reclaiming land towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common the sea bed, which may in turn modify the coastal environment and marine ecology is recognized! 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