Suitable polyvinyl esters are the homopolymers and copolymers with vinyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and also vinyl esters of alpha-branched carboxylic acids having from 9 to 10 carbon atoms (VeoVa 9 or VeoVa 10, trade names of Shell). Polyvinyl Alcohol USP Grade Specifications (C2H4O)n Ethenol, homopolymer. This review provides recent studies on PVA-based membranes as alternative anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells. The mixture solidifies to a gel, which at the end of the belt is fractionated and cut. It is a very useful polymer due to its adhesive properties. The procedure of Comparative Example C2 was repeated except that, instead of methanol and methyl acetate, the stated amounts of filtrate from Comparative Example C3 and methyl acetate were used. Polyvinyl Alcohol Slime. Preparation of polyvinyl butyral is the largest use for polyvinyl alcohol in the US and Western Europe. N.H. Choulis, in Side Effects of Drugs Annual, 2011 Polyvinyl alcohol Observational studies. It is also employed as a component of adhesives and emulsifiers, as a water-soluble protective film, and as a starting material for the preparation of other resins. H., 3589/62. of PVA by alkaline solvolysis - of polyvinyl acetate, with immediate addn. Tilt your head back, look up, and pull down the lower eyelid to make a pouch. PVA glue is commonly used for glueing porous materials like wood, paper and cloth. It finds that the PVA concentration has a great influence on the physicochemical properties of the PMAC, which has been investigated in detail. However, it is difficult to maintain a specific degree of hydrolysis, and thus product uniformity suffers as a result. 1. It tends to dry out if left exposed to the air, so store it in a sealed plastic bag. It stores well in the refrigerator until needed. Measure 2 tsp. Individual polymer chains are formed by covalent bonds, which are strong bonds. In the high concentrations used here, it can be drying . A process for the preparation of polyvinyl alcohol by catalytic transesterification of a polyvinyl ester solution in a solvent comprising an alcohol, said process comprising: a) adding to said solution prior to tranesterification, the acetic ester of the alcohol solvent in an amount of from 5 weight percent to 70 weight percent based on the total amount of alcohol and its acetic ester; b) transesterifying the polyvinyl ester to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol product contained in a liquid phase; c) isolating the polyvinyl alcohol product from the liquid phase; d) recycling at least a portion of the liquid phase to a further polyvinyl ester transesterification in an alcohol and acetic ester mixture wherein the acetic ester is present in an amount of 5 weight percent to 70 weight percent based on the total amount of alcohol and acetic ester, optionally adding make-up alcohol, acetic ester, or both alcohol and acetic ester to adjust the acetic ester concentration to from 5 weight percent to 70 weight percent based on the total amount of alcohol and acetic ester in said further polyvinyl ester transesterification. In each case, 611 g of a 62% by weight methanolic polyvinyl acetate solution and the amount of filtrate, methanol, and methyl acetate indicated in Table 1 were introduced to a vessel and stirred to prepare a homogeneous solution. 2989. The amount of polyvinyl ester in the solution is from 20 to 80% by weight, preferably from 30 to 70% by weight. After drying, the polyvinyl alcohol had a saponification number of 139 mg KOH/g PVAL and the viscosity, as determined by the Hppler method, was 4.2 mPas (4% by weight in water). The site is secure. Dispersing the PVA into hot water eliminates the heating stage, dramatically reducing process time. Prepared by alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate in methanol solution by adding alkali solution. Unlike most vinyl polymers, . The important properties of the scaffold composites, such For the addition of the acetic ester, it is preferred to add the alcohol/acetic ester mixture isolated in the workup of the end product, and, where appropriate, further alcohol or acetic ester in order to establish the desired proportion. This brochure is intended to serve as guidelines to proper solution of Selvol Polyvinyl Alcohols. Polyvinyl alcohol has a melting point of about 185C. H., 1319-66. . PVA is commonly used in household sponges that absorb more water than Polyurethane sponges. Carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized with the facile hydrothermal method to produce CDs/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) active food packaging films. The saponification number of the polyvinyl alcohol was 127 mg KOH/g PVAL, and the viscosity as determined by the Hppler method was 4.3 mPas (4% by weight in water). The polymer is normally supplied in powder form and several grades are available with varying viscosity and solubility characteristics. As compared with Examples 1 to 10, which all gave effective filtration over the course of about 5 minutes, in this case it took from 45 to 90 minutes to obtain a free-flowing polyvinyl alcohol having a solids content of 33% by weight. It has high tensile strength, flexibility, as well as high oxygen and aroma barrier. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Application filed by Wacker Polymer Systems GmbH and Co KG, Assigned to WACKER POLYMER SYSTEMS GMBH & CO. KG. The others groups should add 4, 8, 12, and 20 ml of borax to the 100 ml of polymer solution, respectively. ; Hydroxylapatite; Polyvinyl alcohol. A process very similar to the belt process is the extruder process, which is described, for example, in EP-B 54716 and EP-A 942008, in which the belt is replaced by an appropriate extruder. Xu M, Qin M, Zhang X, Zhang X, Li J, Hu Y, Chen W, Huang D. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 5. Add 1/4 teaspoon of Borax solution. Suitable alcoholic solvents for the polyvinyl esters are monohydric aliphatic alcohols having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, preferably methanol or ethanol, with particular preference being given to methanol. Typically PVA solutions are prepared in bulk. The transesterification of polyvinyl acetate to polyvinyl alcohol may also take place in a standard stirred tank, as is described, for example, in DE-A 2304684. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted A moist polyvinyl alcohol with a solids content of 38% by weight was obtained. In the case of the preferred alkali-catalyzed tranesterification, termination is effected by adding acidic reagents, such as carboxylic acids or mineral acids. One established process for preparing polyvinyl alcohol is known as the belt process, and is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Preparation of polyvinyl butyral is the largest use for polyvinyl alcohol in the US and Western Europe. Preparation. In comparison to the other continuous processes, the acquisition costs are relatively low. WACKER CHEMIE AG,GERMANY, Free format text: Over the course of 5 minutes, a free-flowing polyvinyl alcohol composition having a solids content of 36% by weight was obtained. It is therefore prohibitive to employ for the introduction of new and innovative products in quantities which, at commencement of production, are small. The resulting gel point (GP), and the time (N), of neutralization are indicated in table 1. Further disadvantages include the high acquisition costs and the large amount of space occupied by the plant. [8], PVA-based polymers are used widely in additive manufacturing. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Over the course of 5 minutes, a free-flowing polyvinyl alcohol having a solids content of 37% by weight was obtained. The polyvinyl alcohols from Examples 8 to 10 were very readily filterable. It is an object of the invention to develop a process for preparing polyvinyl alcohol wherein the filterability of the resulting polyvinyl alcohol suspension is improved. Examples 1 to 5 show that the filtrate can be used again, in each case without substantial alterations to the formulation, and that the reaction times (GP, N) remain virtually identical. Once the 4% polyvinyl alcohol solu-tion is made it will last 6 to 8 weeks. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA, sometimes referred to as PVOH) is a water soluble polymer used widely in adhesives, paints, sealants, coatings, textiles, plastics, etc. Examples of these are the hydroxides, alkoxides, and carbonates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. Polyvinyl alcohol fibers and films are used in medicine and pharmacology because of their ability to swell, absorb toxic products, decompose necrotic masses, and reduce blood loss [78 r].A mixture of polyvinyl alcohol with ketoprofen has been used to reduce pelvic pain after uterine artery embolization . Adv Healthc Mater. The results of Comparative Examples C2 to C4 are listed in Table 5. It is ductile but strong, flexible, and functions as a high oxygen and aroma barrier. Polyvinyl alcohol is miscible in water and is odorless. Centrifugal force drives the materials to the periphery of the workhead where they are subjected to intense high shear in the gap between the rotor and stator before being forced out through the holes in the stator and projected back into the mix. A bstract. Have one group add 2 ml of borax to 100 ml of PVOH solution. and transmitted securely. A novel bioactive hydrogel for cartilage tissue based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxylapatite (HA) were prepared, the effects of its component contents on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the hydrogel were investigated. Does it bounce? Recent advances in hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering. Can it be poured? Derwent Abstract corresponding to DD 251683 [AN 1988-106026]. 42 minutes after the gel point, glacial acetic acid was added to the fine suspension until the sodium hydroxide still present had been neutralized. [6] Polyvinyl alcohol is used as an aid in suspension polymerizations. The effects of different concentrations of CDs on mechanical strength, water resistance, morphology, optical, and thermal performance of the CDs/PVA films were discussed. Accessibility Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. From DD-A 251683 it is known that the production of the aqueous solution may be accelerated by isolating the polyvinyl alcohol from the reaction mixture and introducing it, at a residual moisture content of more than 50% by weight, into a water-filled dissolution tank. The amount of methyl acetate was varied as compared with Example 6. Over the course of 5 minutes, a free-flowing polyvinyl alcohol with a solids content of 36% by weight was obtained. Derwent Abstract corresponding to DD 238054 [AN 1986-319637]. The ash content in the polyvinyl alcohol as well, which serves as a measure of the formation of byproducts, remained virtually constant. Ed., 63, 57, 1986, for details about the chemistry of polyvinyl alcohol slime. This solution has now been tested for five months. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. How do the properties of the polymer change with temperature? The polyvinyl alcohol filtercake may also be taken up in water, usually with the production of an aqueous solution with a polyvinyl alcohol fraction of from 5 to 80% by weight, preferably from 10 to 50% by weight, with particular preference from 10 to 30% by weight, followed by subsequent vacuum treatment and/or stripping of the solution by passing inert gases such as steam over or through the solution, in order to remove residual fractions of alcohol and acetic ester. After the end of the reaction, the polyvinyl alcohol is isolated from the liquid phase. The average M. W. shall be 20000 ~ 220000. This should more easily demonstrate the effects of crosslinking on the properties of the polymer. Fresh materials are simultaneously drawn into the workhead, setting up a circulatory pattern of mixing. Poly (vinyl alcohol), a hydrophilic polymer used in aqueous adhesives, is made by polymerizing vinyl acetate and then hydrolyzing the ester linkages. It is non-toxic; it has high tensile strength and . Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is one of the potential polymers for the development of anion exchange membranes. The present invention provides a heat-sensitive recording material that comprises a support, a heat-sensitive recording layer comprising a leuco dye and a developer, and a protective layer principally comprising a pigment and a binder.The support, the heat-sensitive recording layer, and the protective layer are provided in this order. Then 4.65 kg of a 2.45% by weight solution of NaOH in methanol were added and the stirrer was restarted. Working on waxed paper, roll the "slime" into a ball and try to bounce it. The gel point was reached after 22 minutes, with alization 30 minutes after the gel point. Heat gently for several hours until dissolved (solution turns clear). 2020 Apr;31(6):816-831. doi: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1720155. Additions of other solvents, such as water, also influence the distribution of the ester groups in the polyvinyl alcohol. It is colourless (white) and odorless. [9], Medically, it may also used as the embolic agent in a Uterine Fibroid Embolectomy (UFE).[10]. Derwent Abstract corresponding to DE 2304684 [AN 1974-57112V]. The filtrate was collected, analyzed, and used in the subsequent batch (Example 7). The invention relates to a process for preparing polyvinyl alcohol by means of catalytic transesterification of an alcoholic polyvinyl ester solution and subsequent isolation of the polyvinyl alcohol formed. Depending on the grade of material and efficiency of the agitation system this can take some time to achieve. Please contact us if you would like to know more about our polyvinyl alcohol. The Bottom Line. Hochmolekularbericht 1968, Ref. The polyvinyl alcohol from Example 7 was similarly very easy to filter. The filtering time was multiplied by a factor of from 10 to 20 relative to that in examples 1 to 10. PVA polymer molecule contains vinyl and alcohol groups. PVAc emulsions are also used for adhesives, paints and various coatings but processing is somewhat different. The homogenous solution was then overlaid with 183 g of methanol, with the stirrer stationary. It is possible to create drug-loaded tablets with modified drug-release characteristics where PVA is used as a binder substance. In this investigation . A 4% PVOH solution is also available from Flinn Scientific. In making slime, the individual polymer chains are bound together by weak hydrogen bonds. FTIR and XRD analysis showed the presence of two unique mechanisms that contribute to the PDN gels' mechanical properties. Preparation technology of polyvinyl alcohol water-soluble support filament. Effect of zeolite content was also studied via synthesis of different mixed . If methanol is used as solvent, methyl acetate is added as the acetic ester; in the case of ethanol as the solvent, ethyl acetate is added as the acetic ester. In the subsequent batch (i.e., Comparative Example C4) the acetate buffer formed, which is readily soluble in methanol, would necessitate a larger amount of alkali, which would increase from one subsequent batch to the next. How does it feel? When a homogeneous solution had been obtained, it was overlaid with 13.8 kg of methanol, with the stirrer stationary. The polyvinyl alcohol formed was very difficult to isolate by suction filtration on a textile filter. The filtration took place as in Example 11. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. The powder is slowly added to the cold water to avoid formation of lumps, as it becomes sticky and the tendency to form lumps increases as temperature rises. A disadvantage of the process is that the resulting mixtures of hydrocarbon, methanol, and methyl acetate formed are very difficult to reprocess. PVA film with a thickness of 0.42 mm showed zero transmission in the wavelength range of 190-350 nm. The workup of the batch followed that of Example 6. [11], PVOH; Poly(Ethenol), Ethenol, homopolymer; PVA; Polyviol; Vinol; Alvyl; Alcotex; Covol; Gelvatol; Lemol; Mowiol; Mowiflex, Alcotex, Elvanol, Gelvatol, Lemol, Mowiol, Nelfilcon A, Polyviol und Rhodoviol, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, "Nanorattles with tailored electric field enhancement", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, "Freeze/thawed polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels: Present, past and future", SRI Consulting CEH Report Polyvinyl Alcohol, "3D Printed Polyvinyl Alcohol Tablets with Multiple Release Profiles", "Uterine Fibroid Embolization and Imaging", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polyvinyl_alcohol&oldid=1114510061, Chemicals that do not have a ChemSpider ID assigned, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 October 2022, at 21:33. Abstract Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films with different thicknesses (0.08, 0.2, 0.23, 0.42 mm) were prepared by a casting technique. MeSH In Japan its major use is the production of Vinylon fiber. Large amounts of a product are difficult to produce at favorable cost, however. Dissolve 40 grams of PVOH powder (molecular weight of ~100,000, Polysciences, Inc.) in 900 ml of distilled water. It is preferred to use alkaline catalysts. The HA compound in the hydrogels enhanced the biodegradation significantly and linearly increased the rate of biodegradation by 2.3 - 8.5 %. Here, the polyvinyl acetate solution and the catalyst solution are added continuously to an agitated alcoholysis mixture, and a slurry of polyvinyl alcohol in methanol and methyl acetate is removed continuously from this alcoholysis mixture. Worldwide consumption of polyvinyl alcohol was over one million metric tons in 2006. This still leaves the problem of the poor filterability of the polyvinyl alcohol suspension. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies In-tank mixers are also used depending on batch size, viscosity of end product, etc. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WACKER POLYMER SYSTEMS GMBH & CO. KG;REEL/FRAME:021603/0608, Owner name: A process for preparing polyvinyl alcohol by means of catalytic transesterification of an alcoholic polyvinyl ester solution and subsequent workup by means of isolation of the polyvinyl alcohol formed includes adding, prior to the transesterification of the polyvinyl ester solution, the acetic ester of the alcohol used as solvent, in an amount of from 5 to 70% by weight, based on the overall amount of alcoholic solvent and its acetic ester, and recycling the liquid phase obtained after isolation of the polyvinyl alcohol product to a further polyvinyl ester transesterification. YMC-Pack PVA-Sil, Narrowbore HPLC Column (2.1 mm i.d. Additionally, the preferred use of strong acids for the neutralization makes it possible to prevent the formation of buffer systems within the isolated alcohol/acetic ester mixture. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA, sometimes referred to as PVOH) is a water soluble polymer used widely in adhesives, paints, sealants, coatings, textiles, plastics, etc. The transesterification is initiated by adding the catalyst solution. The amount of filtrate used is limited only by the amount of methanol or amount of methyl acetate it contains. Its molecular weight ranges from about 26,000 to 30,000 g mol-1. Then 48 g of a 2.45% by weight solution of NaOH in methanol were added and the stirrer was restarted. The amount of 2.45% by weight methanolic alkali solution was 6.15 kg. PVA is used in sizing agents that give greater strength to textile yarns and make paper more resistant to oils and greases. The examples which follow serve to illustrate the invention. Presence of alcohol group in it makes it flammable. [Studies of poly(vinyl alcohol)/hydroxylapatite hydrogels compounds for cartilage implantation]. The purpose of the present experiment was to study the phenomenon of the reversible ordering of monomers in the polyvinyl acetate alcohol polymer. It is odorless and nontoxic. Its most popular use in schools is in the preparation of "slime." PVA is a polymer with a The polyvinyl alcohol formed was filtered effectively using a pressure suction filter. Derwent Abstract corresponding to DE 3000750 [AN 1981-535440]. It cannot, however, be prepared by the polymerization of vinyl alcohol. The greater the amount of methyl acetate in the mixture, the greater the amount of alkali required for transesterification and the greater the amount of salt formedthat is, the residual ash content of the polyvinyl alcohol goes up. These modified CNFs (TKL, PBTKL100, and PBTKL400) were introduced into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix at various concentrations using aqueous solution processing and casting to obtain PVA . Epub 2020 Jan 30. Your request has been submitted successfully. The alkaline catalysts are used in the form of their aqueous or alcoholic solutions, preferably in alcoholic solution, and with particular preference in the same alcohol that is used to dissolve the polyvinyl ester. The conversion of the polyvinyl esters is usually conducted by base-catalysed transesterification with ethanol: The properties of the polymer are affected by the degree of transesterification. After a homogenous solution had been obtained, it was overlaid with 183 g of methanol, with the stirrer stationary. A degree of shear is required to accelerate the process. As in example 6, the solution was overlaid with 183 g of methanol, and 82 g of a 2.45% by weight methanolic NaOH were added. The protective layer comprises: (1) a pigment of secondary . Drying gave a polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification number of 144 mg KOH/g PVAL and a viscosity, as determined by the Hppler method, of 4.15 mPas (4% by weight in water). 2020 Aug;9(15):e2000156. Info.DE-poval (at)kuraray.com. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Short Answer. The recycle rate depends on the alcohol/acetic ester ratio used. They are prepared from polyvinyl alcohol by reaction with butyraldehyde and formaldehyde, respectively. H., 7051/70. It is also resistant to oil, grease and solvent. Deng Z, Jin J, Wang S, Qi F, Chen X, Liu C, Li Y, Ma Y, Lyu F, Zheng Q. Ann Transl Med. The . As a result of the rapid distribution of the catalyst in the alcoholic solution and the uniform termination of the reaction with an acid in the fine suspension, it is possible to obtain polyvinyl alcohols of very good quality with a narrow saponification number distribution. [3] It biodegrades slowly. Chemical Abstracts, vol. This video serv. In terms of microstructure, it is composed mainly of 1,3-diol linkages [CH2CH(OH)CH2CH(OH)], but a few percent of 1,2-diols [CH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH2] occur, depending on the conditions for the polymerization of the vinyl ester precursor.[3]. Simultaneous Modeling of Young's Modulus, Yield Stress, and Rupture Strain of Gelatin/Cellulose Acetate Microfibrous/Nanofibrous Scaffolds Using RSM. The addition of acetic ester takes place preferably in the form of an alcohol/acetic ester mixture which has been obtained as a filtrate during the workup of a preceding batch when batchwise operation is employed or isolated during the workup of the end product (polyvinyl alcohol) in continuous process. WACKER POLYMER SYSTEMS GMBH & CO. KG, GERMANY, ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BAUER, WERNER DR.;BALL, PETER DR.;TSCHIRNER, PETER DR.;REEL/FRAME:012752/0668, ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WACKER POLYMER SYSTEMS GMBH & CO. KG;REEL/FRAME:021603/0608, PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362, Process for the production of polyvinyl alcohol, Method for producing polyvinyl alcohol having high degree of saponification and high degree of purity, and polyvinyl alcohol produced using the same, Method of manufacturing polyvinyl alcohol of highly degree of polymerization and highly degree of sponification with new solvent recovery strategy, Process for the preparation of polyvinyl alcohol, A kind of production method and device of polyvinyl alcohol, Furnace for the heat treatment of pulverulent, granular or pasty materials, Process for preparing polymer polyvinyl alcohol, Continuous process for the alkaline alcoholysis of polyvinyl esters, Heat-sealable splicing tape resin and process for preparing same, Process for the manufacture of modified polyvinyl alcohols, Process for the manufacture of partially saponified polyvinyl esters, Process for producing polyvinyl acetate polymers, Method for increasing the particle size of finely divided dusty polyvinyl alcohol, Process for the production of granular polyvinyl alcohol, Process for the continuous production of gel-stable polyvinyl alcohol by 97 to 98.5% alcoholysis of a polyvinyl ester, PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS REESTERIFICATION OF POLYVINYL ACETATE, PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL, Process for preparing granular ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer photogtaphic camera, Prepn. Another application is photographic film. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a biodegradable polymer that has received significant attention because of its ability to decompose in relatively short timeframe [ 5 ]. 22137g Corresponding To RO-A 58177. Owing to the addition of acetic ester before the beginning of the transesterification, the products obtained lead to polyvinyl alcohol suspensions that are more readily filtered. Such behavior is called "viscoelasticity" and materials are said to be "viscoelastic". In this process, the gel is comminuted in the extruder during the reaction. Introduction. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BAUER, WERNER DR.;BALL, PETER DR.;TSCHIRNER, PETER DR.;REEL/FRAME:012752/0668, Owner name: 2020 Dec;8(23):1598. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-2342. Any agglomerates are broken down by intense high shear mixing, resulting in accelerated solubilization and better batch consistency. Solutions containing more than 5% PVA are toxic to fish. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is obtained by the saponification of poly (vinyl acetate) by the addition of alkali. Score: 4.4/5 (36 votes) . Before The polymer is normally supplied in powder form and several grades are available with varying viscosity and solubility . 2003. It has the idealized formula [CH 2 CH(OH)] n. . It is commonly supplied as beads or as solutions in water. To lower down the cost of product without any compromise or partial compromise with its properties, people are using composites of PVA. It is prepared by 85 percent to 89 percent hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. A solution would typically be prepared as follows: Using conventional mixers and agitators, a number of problems can be encountered during production: A Silverson high shear mixer can disperse and solubilize PVA powder in hot water, reducing mixing times to a fraction of that taken by conventional methods.
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